Under the initiative of the World Health Organization (WHO) and the International Association for Suicide Prevention (IASP) has chosen September 10 as “World Day for Prevention of Suicide,” to focus attention on the problem and institute preventive measures and collaboration at all levels and society actors.

Among the risk factors that increase the likelihood of suicidal acts are: poverty, unemployment, legal disputes, family or work family history of suicide, childhood abuse, isolation or social exclusion, abuse of alcohol or drugs, psychiatric as depression or schizophrenia, in addition to organic diseases and disabling pain (WHO, 2004). This shows that the suicide response to complex cases, however, is preventable.

Of the problems listed, include major depressive disorder and substance use disorder, alcohol abuse specifically (Borges, Walters & Kessler, 2000) in Latin America and the Caribbean are the two leading causes of disability ( PAHO, 2010, Medina-Mora, B., Benjet and Lara, 2011).

The Health Ministry says that depression is the leading cause of lost years of healthy life in Mexican women (Excelsior, 2011), is characterized by experience, at least five of the following symptoms (APA, 2000): depressed mood, lack interest or ability to experience pleasure, loss or significant increase in appetite, body weight or sleep, agitation or slowing of movements and fatigue continues, decreased ability to think, concentrate or decided and feelings of worthlessness, guilt or inappropriate type, is included suicide ideation or planning. Other important aspects to consider are: impairment in social, occupational, or areas that were important to the person, that the situation does not result from substance use and no recent loss or separation from loved ones. The magnitude can be mild, moderate or severe, depending on symptoms and functional disability (APA, 2000), which can be progressive if not treated.

Moreover, substances associated with suicidal behavior are marijuana, sedatives (medical drugs), stimulants and opioids, alcoholic beverages also highlight a significant (Ocampo, Bojorquez, Cortés, 2009). It is important to note that not talking about a direct relationship with drug use, but by combining their effects increases the likelihood of suicidal. One explanation is based on the impulse control disorder, the use of these substances allow impulsive acts by reducing self-control (Borges, Walters & Kessler, 2000, Bernal et al., 2007), either during use or withdrawal generated (Santamarina, Churches and Alonso, 2004).

Considering the above, if a person has depressive symptoms, and this is added the intake of depressants, the probability of committing an act of suicide is increased. Interesting situation in Mexican culture, for example, the expression of emotions for many men only allowed under the influence of alcohol and certain spaces, such as bars or parties (IMJ, 2005).

It is estimated that in 2020 suicide victims could spend one million per year to 1.5 million worldwide, the depression will be the second leading cause disabling (Murray and Lopez, 1997) and substance use will also increase.

In Mexico, statistics show that the main group with suicidal acts is 15 to 29 years of age (INEGI, 2011), although there are problems with depression in younger sections of society, the Mexican Social Security Institute (IMSS) reports that childhood depression occurs mainly between 5 and 12 years and in Mexico affects about three percent of infants. In high school a month are detected around 500 cases in hospitals that care paidopsiquiátrica. (IMSS, 2010). What is essential to address the problem with this population group, otherwise it will raise the child and youth suicide.

INEGI (2011) has reported that the main characteristics of those who commit suicide are men (80.9%), married or cohabiting (48.9%), aged 15 to 29 years (40.0%) with primary education ( 36.6%)-high (30.5%), baccalaureate (12.0%) and professional (7.1%) -, and unemployed (25.7%).

Therefore, in the country is necessary to consider these variables to design and operate prevention and care strategies appropriate to the needs of each sector of the population. In ICJ took several years performing preventive actions to address the issue of depression as a risk factor for drug use.

The package “Mental health in the family” is an example of the effort to address in a link to these problems, where to guide parents and mothers, it seeks to develop reflective processes about the difficulties and everyday resources put up Mexican families coping and depression in some member; be proactive and encourage the formation of community networks protection against this and other issues of our day.

A study by the University of California (USA) published in Science Translational Medicine have shown for the first time in humans that alcohol releases endorphins. After nearly thirty years of speculation about whether the intake of spirits caused the secretion of these proteins in certain areas of the brain which produces feelings of pleasure that leads to addiction-this definitely confirms university.

“We descubiero that endorphins are released into the nucleus accumbens and orbitofrontal cortex, says researcher Jennifer Mitchell, who adds that this finding will” improve the methods and medications to treat alcohol problems. “

To reach these conclusions, the researchers analyzed brain responses of 13 people with a high consumption of alcohol, and other 12 who did not drink as usual. In all cases, alcohol intake was a release of endorphins, but the feeling was unanimous pleasure only “when endorphins are released in the nucleus accumbens.”

However, when these proteins were released in the orbitofrontal cortex “only positive feelings increased in heavy drinkers.” This indicates that “the brain of alcoholics is modified so that they find most pleasurable consumption of alcohol,” explains Mitchell.

Another interesting data yielded by the study is the possible routes suggested by the same for alcohol treatment. Accordingly, naltrexone may improve the effectiveness of standard drugs. This drug “blocks more than one receiver, and many people stop taking it because they do not like how it makes them feel,” said Mitchell.

To observe the effects of alcohol on the brain, U.S. researchers used the technique of positron emission tomography, non-invasive method. Previously provided alcohol to the subjects and two doses of carfentanil.

Develop, approve and prescribe a drug requires that the therapeutic benefits outweigh the potential side effects. Liver toxicity limits the development of many therapeutic compounds, and presents major challenges for clinical medicine and the pharmaceutical industry. The drug-induced liver injury is the most common cause of acute liver failure in the U.S., and is also the most common reason for early withdrawal of certain treatments. Since there are currently no pharmaceutical strategies for the prevention of drug-induced liver injury, treatment options are limited to discontinuing the offending drug, supportive care and liver transplantation for end-stage failure.

Gap junctions (gap junctions) are hollow channels that connect neighboring cells and allow direct intercellular communication between coupled cells. In the heart, these unions propagate electrical activity necessary for contraction, but so far, its role in the liver was poorly defined. Now, this new study has shown that the sets of signals broadcast junctions immune injured liver cells to nearby cells in good condition, extending the general inflammation and injury.

First, the researchers used a genetically mutated strain of mice lacking gap junctions, the rats were given several medications toxic to the liver, such as paracetamol (acetaminophen), commonly used acetaminophen overdose is the most frequent drug-induced liver damage. Compared to normal mice, these mice were shown to be protected against liver damage, inflammation and death caused by the administration of toxic drugs to the liver.

The team identified an inhibitor of liver gap junctions, when administered with, or even after, toxic drugs, protected the livers of normal mice from harm. In addition, cell culture experiments indicate that blocking these junctions limits the diffusion through the liver cells from free radicals and oxidative stress.

A patent related to this study has been presented by Partners Healthcare, and Heprotech Inc. According to the researchers, “the findings of this study suggest a strategy of developing new drugs safe for the liver.”

Now, Dr. Loren Borud sees the difference of the procedure done then and how it’s done now. That is because of the continued advances both in the techniques for surgery and also in anesthesia that made it possible for bariatric surgery to be a common procedure done on patients with weight difficulties. In 2003 alone, there had been 100,000 cases of bariatric surgery in the United States and more are done in other countries. For Dr. Borud he specializes in body contouring which is a post bariatric surgery procedure.

The severity of IBS symptoms may be influenced by several factors.  One of the most common factors is associated with food intake.  Many IBS sufferers are not able to digest a lot of different foods that normal people will find no issues whatsoever.  Even the most common foods like onion, flour and sometimes sugar can create severe digestion problems.  Therefore, it is crucial that a thorough diet plan is figured out so that all the troublesome foods can be recognized and eliminated from the safe menu list.

A good way of recognizing the type of foods that can or cannot be consumed is by having a diary.  Every day you must jot down the foods you eat and observe the consequences if there are any.  By doing this you will be able to stay away from eating foods that can trigger the symptoms of IBS.

For example, if you often experience bloating the types of foods that should be avoided are sweeteners and soluble fiber.  This means you can avoid bloating by staying away from soda and alcoholic beverages, coffee and candies.

If you want any cold sore treatment to become most effective, you need to avoid from eating foods that can trigger its development.  Citrus fruits are among the foods that should be avoided.  This is because citrus fruits contain a specific type of amino acid known as ‘arginine’.  This acid is not only found in citrus fruits but also in chocolates, carbonated beverages, seafood and many types of nuts.  By avoiding these foods you can reduce the frequency of cold sore outbreaks as well as speeding up the healing time.

Salty foods should also be avoided because these foods can make the outbreaks become more painful and itching.  Apart from that avoid caffeinated drinks as well because it potentially increases the number of outbreaks.

The use of cold sore medication has been proven to be effective.  The medication is used topically and it eliminates the cold sore symptoms in just a few days.

Drug use among Spanish students 14 to 18 years has decreased in 2010 compared to previous years and this reduction is more pronounced in the case of snuff, cannabis and cocaine.

However, these three drugs are still the most consumed by the Spanish youth, according to the National Survey on Drug Use in Secondary School Students (ESTUDES) 2010, released by the Ministry of Health, Social Policy and Equality.

Alcohol consumption shows a relatively stable trend, but three out of 10 schools recognized having been drunk in the last month.

Alcohol, snuff and inhalers are volatile drugs earlier onset (between 13 and 14 years).

Cocaine use among students recorded the lowest figures of the last decade: 3.9% say they have used the drug sometime in their life, to 2.6% did in the last year and 1.5 % last month.

The survey, which the Government Delegation for the National Drug Plan every two years since 1994, includes a sample of nearly 32,000 students in secondary schools throughout Spain.

Scholars believe that the snuff is more dangerous to health than cannabis, and for them, alcohol is the substance that they perceive less risk, less than half of respondents felt that taking 5 or 6 drinks on the weekend can cause problems.

The data show that daily consumption of snuff has declined since 2004. While that year, 21.5% were daily smokers among adolescents, this year 12.3% do, which means that in the last six years the proportion of students who smoke has fallen by almost 50%.

Cannabis is the most used illegal drug, although the data of this year confirm the downward trend begun in recent years, with figures that are lower than those recorded in 2000.

Regarding the previous survey, is reduced by 4 points, the number of students who have at some time in the last year and 3 points in the case of those who have in the past month.

The girls consume legal drugs (snuff, alcohol or hypnosedatives) at higher rates than boys, while illegal substances are consumed in greater proportion by them.

Alcohol and more

The study noted that polydrug use is an increasingly common pattern among schoolchildren, in which alcohol plays a role.

In three students aged between 14 and 18, you do not consume, consume another substance and one third consumed two or more drugs.

It also consolidates the downward trend begun in 2000 of amphetamines, hallucinogens and ecstasy, which recorded the lowest figures since the beginning of the surveys in 1994.

Heroin is the drug less consumed by the students: 1% has ever tested, 0.6% have used in the last year and 0.5% last month.

The survey introduced this year for the first time a section on emerging drugs.

The substances of this type most commonly consumed by young Spanish are magic mushrooms, the “Spice” and ketamine.

Believe in yourself. Think about some of the hardest things he has done in his life and realize that you have the courage and determination to quit smoking. It all depends on you.

Ask your family and friends to support him in his decision to quit. Let them reproach you if you are weak and help you in your effort. They know it will be difficult and you may become irritable until I get some leave.

Check a deadline. Decide what day to put out their cigarettes for good. Put it on the calendar. Plan your strategy to achieve this. Prepare your mind for the “first day of the rest of his life.” You can hold a small party when I get to quit.

Start an exercise routine. Exercise is incompatible with the consumption of snuff. Exercise relieves stress and helps your body recover from damage caused by snuff. Start small, a few minutes each day, take a jog or walk and gradually see how he’s able to increase that time. Get reach 30 or 40 minutes 3 days a week and compare how it feels now.

Visualize your way to becoming a non-smoker. See enjoy the exercise you will be able to perform. See rejecting a cigarette that someone offers. See all throwing cigarette in his home.

Cut back on cigarettes gradually (but be sure to set a deadline to avoid returning to smoking a single cigarette, and that this date is not too far).

Have your teeth cleaned. Enjoy the white appearance of your teeth healthy and try to keep them that way.
Drink plenty of water. This will help your body to dissolve and expel nicotine and other harmful substances out of your body.

Find another smoker who is trying to quit smoking and can help each other.
Talk to your doctor about quitting. He will support and guide in their ability to quit smoking and about other products that will help you quit.

The active component of snuff is nicotine, an addictive substance that works as a liaison for the smoker, the habit creándole. After smoking for some time, do so with regularity and constancy, the habit is created and can be considered as an addiction.

The dependence on the snuff, smoking, manifests itself physically and psychologically. After spending a few hours without smoking, your body used to the nicotine starts to need it again. In many cases the symptoms when not smoking can be irritability, moodiness, anxiety, insomnia. The withdrawal, habitual state against any addictive drug or substance, is presented with the passing of the hours after the last cigarette.

For all this, is that the first step and most important, is to be willing to do, be ready to quit. The time duration of the withdrawal depends on each person, ranging between two weeks and just over a month. If you want to quit, you must be willing to do so.

There are different methods by which you can choose to fight against smoking, as nicotine patches or nicotine gum. These elements need to pay the nicotine that your body needs. However, the substitution of one thing for another, is not recommended.

In the first instance, it would be good to plan some activities or distractions for the moments where ever smoked, such as after meals. Avoid places for family and friends smokers or smokers at the time we take to recovery.

Rest and eat well is critical because during the time it takes the loss of the rooms feel discomfort we must endure, for the greater good we will get to leave the snuff.

Possibilities to stop using drugs due to different types of treatments. However, there are certain key steps in the process of detoxification. One of the earliest and perhaps most important, the problem is the acceptance by the individual and their position and will handle it. In many cases, the addict is not aware is your situation, have tried and failed, or simply do not want to face the problems.

Having passed this stage, the individual being predisposed to deal with the detoxification and rehabilitation, you’ll find another instance where the layout is very important and will power to be taken to overcome the withdrawal period. At this stage, as in the first, it is important the support and containment by the relatives and friends. Withdrawal is the hardest instance of detoxification, where it is frequently necessary medical supervision.

Rehabilitation of the patient

After overcoming the first instance of an addict detoxification, which may be on drugs or alcohol, is reached the instance of rehabilitation. Having passed the stage of withdrawal, the period of rehabilitation is not any less important.

During rehabilitation, it is important for drug addicts and alcoholics, therapy tool. It is important to know that addicts often do not cease to be, and must be constantly “fighting” not to return to the substance.

The control of withdrawal, ie mantenencia out of consumption, is generally supported by successful therapy sessions. Therapies may be different, occurring individually or in groups, associations such as Alcoholics Anonymous.